MPI(Lawrence)

 

We use 3 models:

- EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry model) EMAC is a relatively new coupled chemistry-climate model based on ECHAM5 and the atmospheric chemistry submodels in the MESSy collection. We have published the gas phase (ozone-related chemistry) simulations 5 years ago (Jöckel et al., 2006). The aerosol package is still under development; it will hopefully be published within the next year, after which we can also provide aerosol simulations. We do simulations nudged with ECMWF data, as well as free-running simulations, and have output available from numerous simulations of the period roughly since 1995 to present, mostly at a resolution of T42L90.

 

- MATCH-MPIC

MATCH-MPIC is an older model (Lawrence et al., 1999, 2003; von Kuhlmann et al., 2003a,b) which is not undergoing further development, but which is still maintained for performing chemical weather forecasts. Simulations are driven using NCEP GFS data. It only simulates ozone-related gas phase chemistry (though we are considering implementing the old Rasch and Collins aerosol version so that we can do aerosol forecasts as well). Particularly useful are a set of about 20 regional fossil fuel and biomass burning CO tracers included in the simulation. We have various simulations available, but the main ones which we would share data from are the chemical weather forecast and analysis simulations, which extend from mid-2001 to present at a resolution of T42L42, and we are working on doing a hindcast (probably from 2005 onwards) at T170L42.

 

- WRF/Chem

We have been using WRF/Chem for several years for cloud-resolving simulations (e.g., Salzmann et al., 2008). Currently we are setting it up for regional chemical weather forecasting of Europe, focusing on the Eastern Mediterranean. In the mid-term future we may also include other regions (Asia likely being the first target).　

 

We also do “box modeling” with the MECCA model (Sander et al., 2005), examining the chemical situation for specific locations, e.g., for Beijing (Zhu et al., 2010).　

 

Generally one of our main modeling activities is chemical weather forecasting, primarily for field campaign planning. Only the MATCH-MPIC model is operational (see http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~lawrence/forecasts.html), but within the next year we expect EMAC and WRF/Chem to also become operational.　

 

 

For EMAC and MATCH-MPIC we use the EDGAR 3.2 FT2000 inventory, plus GFED biomass burning emissions and various natural emissions (mostly from the MEGAN inventory, some simulated using online algorithms). Nearly identical emissions are used in the two models. Both will switch to EDGAR 4 as soon as it is officially available. For the WRF/Chem simulations we are setting up for Europe, we are making use of the prototype EDGAR 4 emissions available through a European project in which we collaborate.　

 

 

(Note that one focal area of our work has been megacities, which tends to highlight Asia given the large density of megacities there; some of those papers are also included here.)

Butler, T. M., M. G. Lawrence, B. Gurjar, J. van Aardenne, M. Schultz , J. Lelieveld, The representation of emissions from megacities in global emissions inventories, Atmos. Env., 42, 703-719, DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.060, 2008.

Butler, T. M., and M. G. Lawrence, The influence of megacities on global atmospheric chemistry: a modelling study, Env. Chem., 6, 219–225, doi:10.1071/EN08110, 2009.

Gurjar, B. R., T. M. Butler, M. G. Lawrence, J. Lelieveld, Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities, Atmos. Env., 42, 1693-1606, DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.048, 2008.

Jöckel, P., H. Tost, A. Pozzer, C. Brühl, J. Buchholz, L. Ganzeveld, P. Hoor, A. Kerkweg, M. G. Lawrence, R. Sander, B. Steil, G. Stiller, M. Tanarhte, D. Taraborrelli, J. van Aardenne, J. Lelieveld, The atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy1: consistent simulation of ozone from the surface to the mesosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5067-5104, SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2006-6-5067, 2006.

von Kuhlmann, R., M. G. Lawrence, P. J. Crutzen, and P. J. Rasch, A model for studies of tropospheric ozone and non-methane hydrocarbons: Model description and ozone results, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4294, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002893, 2003a.

von Kuhlmann R., M. G. Lawrence, P. J. Crutzen, and P. J. Rasch, A model for studies of tropospheric ozone and non-methane hydrocarbons: Model evaluation of ozone related species, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4729, doi: 10.1029/2002JD003348, 2003b.

Kunhikrishnan, T., M. G. Lawrence, R. von Kuhlmann, M. O. Wenig, A. Richter, and J. P. Burrows, Regional NOx emission strength for the Indian subcontinent and the impact of emissions from India and neighboring countries on regional O3 chemistry in light of seasonal meteorology, J. Geophys. Res.,111, D15301, 10.1029/2005JD006036, 2006.

Kunhikrishnan, T. and M. G. Lawrence, Sensitivity of NOx over the Indian Ocean to emissions from the surrounding continents: nonlinearities in atmsopheric chemistry responses, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020210, 2004.

Kunhikrishnan, T., M. G. Lawrence, R. von Kuhlmann, A. Richter, A. Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, and J. P. Burrows, Analysis of tropospheric NOx over Asia using the Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry (MATCH-MPIC) and GOME-satellite observations, Atmos. Environ., 　38, 581-596, 2004a.

Kunhikrishnan, T., M. G. Lawrence, R. von Kuhlmann, A. Richter, A. Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, and J. P. Burrows, Semi-annual NO2 Plumes during the Monsoon Transition periods over Central Indian Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(8), doi: 10.1029/2003GL019269, 2004b.

Lal, S. and M. G. Lawrence, Elevated mixing ratios of surface ozone over the Arabian Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1487-1490, 2001.

Lawrence, M. G., and J. Lelieveld, Atmospheric pollutant outflow from southern Asia: A review, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 9463-9646, doi:10.5194/acpd-10-9463-2010, 2010.

Lawrence, M. G., T. M. Butler, J. Steinkamp, B. R. Gurjar, and J. Lelieveld,
Regional pollution potentials of megacities and other major population centers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3969-3987, 2007.

Lawrence, M. G., P. J. Rasch, R. von Kuhlmann, J. Williams, H. Fischer, M. de Reus, J. Lelieveld, P. J. Crutzen, M. Schultz, P. Stier, H. Huntrieser, J. Heland, A. Stohl, C. Forster, H. Elbern, H. Jakobs, and R. R. Dickerson, Global chemical weather forecasts for field campaign planning: predictions and observations of large-scale features during MINOS, CONTRACE, and INDOEX, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 267-289, 2003a.

Lawrence, M. G., P. J. Crutzen, P. J. Rasch, B. E. Eaton and N. M. Mahowald, A model for studies of tropospheric photochemistry: Description, Global Distributions, and Evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 26245-26277, 1999a.

Lelieveld, J., P. J. Crutzen, V. Ramathan, M. O. Andreae, C. A. M. Brenninkmeijer, T. Campos, G. R. Cass, R. R. Dickerson, H. Fischer, J. A. de Gouw, A. Hansel, A. Jefferson, D. Kley, A. T. J. de Laat, S. Lal, M. G. Lawrence, J. M. Lobert, O. L. Mayol-Bracero, A. P. Mitra, T. Novakov, S. J. Oltmans, K. A. Prather, T. Reiner, H. Rodhe, H. A. Scheeren, D. Sikka and J. Williams, The Indian Ocean Experiment: Widespread Air Pollution from South and Southeast Asia, Science, 291, 1031-1036, 2001.

Salzmann, M., M. G. Lawrence, V. T. J. Phillips, and L. J. Donner, Cloud System resolving model study of the roles of deep convection for photo-chemistry in the TOGA COARE/CEPEX region, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2741-2757, 2008.

Sander, R., A. Kerkweg, P. Jöckel and J. Lelieveld, Technical Note: The new comprehensive atmospheric chemistry module MECCA, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 445-450, 2005.

Tanimoto, H., K. Sato, Y. Kanaya, S. Kato, T. Okuda, S. Tanaka, J. Zeng, T. M. Butler, M. G. Lawrence, Exploring CO pollution episodes observed at Rishiri Island by chemical weather simulations and AIRS satellite measurements: Long-range transport of burning plumes and implications for emissions inventory, Tellus, 61B, 394-407, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2008.00407.x, 2009.

Zhu, S., T. Butler, R. Sander, J. Ma, and M. G. Lawrence: Impact of dust on tropospheric photochemistry over polluted regions: a case study of the Beijing megacity, Atmos. Chem. Phys, 10, 3855-3873, doi:10.5194/acp-10-3855-2010, 2010. 

 

 

1.     Mark Lawrence

Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Germany

mark.lawrence<at>mpic.de