IOWA(Carmichael)
Describe the modeling activities of your group (what meteorological, chemical transport and/or radiative transfer models are you using)
-STEM
Tracer Model:
The
Sulfur Transport and dEpostion Model (STEM) a comprehensive 3-dimensional
regional scale model provides non-reactive tracer calculations. All the
aerosols are treated as externally mixed in STEM-2k1 tracer model. The tracer
model employs simple decaying rates for most primary species, plus wet
scavenging and dry deposition. The dry deposition of aerosols was modeled using
the eResistance in Series Parameterizationf@
Wet deposition of aerosols was calculated as a loss rate based on
precipitation rate obtained from the meteorology model (e.g. MM5, WRF).
STEM
full chemistry model:
STEM
was developed at the University of Iowa in the early 1980s (Carmichael et al., 1986) and has continuously
undergone development since then to its current version which is the
STEM–2K3 version (Tang et al.,
2007). STEM is a regional chemical transport model which features the
SAPRC–99 chemical mechanism. Online photolysis rate calculations in the
STEM are performed using the TUV (Tropospheric Ultra–Violet Radiation)
model. The TUV model needs total ozone column to calculate the absorption of UV
radiation by ozone molecules. Thirty different photolysis rates are calculated
using the STEM–TUV model. The STEM uses the SCAPE II (Simulating
Composition of Atmospheric Particles in Equilibrium Aerosol Solver) aerosol
module to simulate inorganic gas to particle conversion and aerosol particle
growth (Kim et al., 1995). The
inorganic aerosols in the STEM–SCAPE model are binned into four size bins
of 0.1–0.3µm, 0.3–1.0µm, 1.0–2.5µm and
2.5–10.0µm.
Optimal
Interpolation:
The
uncertainty in the model predictions can be reduced by integrating the
observations into the model via data assimilation methods. Our recent work has
shown that the model predictions over Asia were significantly improved by
integrating the AOD observations using the Optimal Interpolation assimilation
technique (Adhikary et al., 2008, Carmichael et al., 2009, Chung et al., 2010).
Also running Wrf/Chem for various Asia domains.
What emissions inventories are you using.
For
the 2001- 2005 model simulations we have used 2000 TRACE-P anthropogenic
emissions inventory and GFED biomass burning emissions
For
2006 model simulations we have used the 2006 INTEX-B emission inventory over
Asia along with real time biomass emissions from the RAQMS model
For
2008 model simulations we have the 2008 ARCTAS emissions inventory along with
the real time biomass emissions from the RAQMS model
A list of your publications that are related to the above.
Adhikary B., Carmichael G. R.,
Tang Y., Leung L. R., Qian Y., Schauer J. J., Stone E. A., Ramanathan V. and
Ramana M. V. (2007). "Characterization of the seasonal cycle of south
Asian aerosols: A regional-scale modeling analysis." Journal of
Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres] 112(D22).
Adhikary, B.; Kulkarni, S.;
Dallura, A.; Tang, Y.; Chai, T.; Leung, L. R.; Qian, Y.; Chung, C. E.;
Ramanathan, V.; Carmichael, G. R. A regional scale chemical transport modeling
of Asian aerosols with data assimilation of AOD observations using optimal
interpolation technique. Atmos. Environ.
42, 8600-8615, 2008.
Adhikary, B., Carmichael, G. R.,
Kulkarni, S., Wei, C., Tang, Y., D'Allura, A., Mena-Carrasco, M., Streets, D.
G., Zhang, Q., Pierce, R. B., Al-Saadi, J. A., Emmons, L. K., Pfister, G. G.,
Avery, M. A., Barrick, J. D., Blake, D. R., Brune, W. H., Cohen, R. C., Dibb,
J. E., Fried, A., Heikes, B. G., Huey, L. G., O'Sullivan, D. W., Sachse, G. W.,
Shetter, R. E., Singh, H. B., Campos, T. L., Cantrell, C. A., Flocke, F. M.,
Dunlea, E. J., Jimenez, J. L., Weinheimer, A. J., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P.
O., Schauer, J. J., Stone, E. A., Jaffe, D. A., and Reidmiller, D. R. (2010).
"A regional scale modeling analysis of aerosol and trace gas distributions
over the eastern Pacific during the INTEX-B field campaign." Atmos.
Chem. Phys. 10(5): 2091-2115.
Carmichael,
G.R., B. Adhikary, S. Kulkarni, A. DfAllura, Y. Tang, D. Streets, Q. Zhang,
T.C. Bond, V. Ramanathan, A. Jamroensan, P. Marrapu, Asian Aerosols:@ Current and Year 2030 distributions and
implications to human health and regional climate change, Env Sci. Tech., 43, 5811 -5817, 2009
Chung,
C-E, V. Ramanathan, G. Carmichael, Y. Tang, B. Adhikary, L. R. Leung and Y.
Qian, Anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing in Asia derived from regional
models with atmospheric and aerosol data assimilation, Atmos. Chem, Phys.,@ 2010.
Corresponding authors
1.
Gregory
R. Carmichael
University of Iowa, USA
gcarmich<at>engineering.uiowa.edu